Annual number of humans who die of rabies infection
Annual number of animals with confirmed rabies
Proportion of people given prophylactic treatment for human exposure to rabies


Specific Indicators

• Number of rabies-related deaths (human)
• Confirmed cases of animal rabies
• Confirmed cases of animal rabies by species
• Proportion of humans given prophylactic treatment for animal exposures/bites
  

Corresponding Health Indicator(s) from Statistics Canada and CIHI

• None
  

Data Sources
Numerator and denominator: Reportable Disease Data
Original source: Integrated Public Health Information System [Public Health Unit]
Distributed by: Public Health Unit
Suggested citation (see Data Citation Notes): IPHIS [years], Extracted: [date]

Numerator: Animal rabies counts
Original Source: Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources
Distributed by: Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources in The Rabies Reporter http://www.mnr.gov.on.ca/en/Business/Rabies/2ColumnSubPage/196811.html
Suggested citation (see Data Citation Notes): Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources [years], Extracted [years].

Analysis Check List

• None

Method of Calculation
Annual number of humans who die of rabies infection
Annual number of animals with confirmed rabies

Basic Categories

• Human cases: none
• Number of animals: Type of animal (e.g., raccoon, fox, skunk, dog, bat, , livestock (cows/bovine, bison, horses/equine, sheep/ovine, goats/caprine, deer, donkey, pigs/porcine, llama, ) and cat). wild animal (fox, wolf, black bear, coyote) and other (groundhog, rabbit, otter, beaver).
• Prophylactic treatment: sex, age group (0-9, 10-19, 20-64, 65+), type of treatment
• Source of exposure
  

Indicator Comments

• Human deaths: The rarity of this event precludes categorization. Report number of Canadian deaths and species of animal involved.
• Number of animals: This indicator provides a measure of the number of animals sent for testing that are positive for rabies infection. It does not provide evidence of incidence rate of rabies in the animal population but provides some indication as to whether or not rabies is actively circulating in these animal populations.
• Vaccination of cats and dogs is available in RRFSS. Vaccines are available for 1-year and 2-year coverage.
• See Resources: Canadian and Ontario Case Definitions for Infectious Diseases for the provincial definition of animal rabies.
• Some times all exposures are not entered in to iPHIS but maintained internally by the Health Units.
  

Cross-References to Other Sections

• None

References

1. Evans AS, Brachman PS. Bacterial Infections in Humans: Epidemiology and Control. Springer, 1998.
2. Heymann DL. Control of Communicable Diseases Manual. American Public Health Association, 2004.
3. National Advisory Committee on Immunization. Canadian Immunization Guide, Seventh Edition, 2006. Ottawa, ON: Public Health Agency of Canada, 2006. Available at http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/cig-gci/index-eng.php
4. Varughese P. Human rabies in Canada - 1924-2000. CCDR 2000:26(24):210-11
5. Rosatte R, Allan M, Warren R, Neave P, Babin T, Buchanan L, Donovan D, Sobey K, Davies C, Muldoon F, Wandeler A. Movement of two rabid racoons (Procayon Lotor) in eastern Ontario, Canada, Canadian Filed Naturalists. 2005; 119(3): 453-454.
   
6. Rosatte R, Donovan D, Allan M, Bruce L, Buchanan T, Sobey K, Davies C, Wandeler A, Muldoon F. Rabies in vaccinated raccoons from Ontario, Canada.J Wildl Dis. 2007;43(2):300-1.
7. Wandeler AI, Salsberg EB. Raccoon rabies in eastern Ontario. Can Vet J. 1999;40(10):731.
8. Rosatte R, Sobey K, Donovan D, Bruce L, Allan M, Silver A, Bennett K, Gibson M, Simpson H, Davies C, Wandeler A, Muldoon F. Behavior, movements, and demographics of rabid raccoons in Ontario, Canada: management implications. J Wildl Dis. 2006;42(3):589-605.
9. Nunan CP, Tinline RR, Honig JM, Ball DG, Hauschildt P, LeBer CA. Postexposure treatment and animal rabies, Ontario, 1958-2000. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002;8(2):214-7.